Norakuro
- View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:のらくろ]]; see its history for attribution.
- You may also add the template
{{Translated|ja|のらくろ}}
to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Norakuro | |
Manga volume 1 cover (1975 bunkoban edition) | |
のらくろ | |
---|---|
Manga | |
Written by | Suihō Tagawa |
Published by | Kodansha |
Magazine | Shōnen Kurabu |
English magazine |
|
Demographic | Shōnen |
Original run | 1931 – 1981 |
Volumes | 36 |
Anime television series | |
Directed by | Toru Murayama |
Music by | Hidehiko Arashino |
Studio | TCJ |
Original network | FNS (Fuji TV) |
Original run | 5 October 1970 – 29 March 1971 |
Episodes | 26 |
Anime television series | |
Norakuro-kun | |
Directed by | Masami Anno |
Studio | Pierrot |
Original network | FNS (Fuji TV) |
Original run | 4 October 1987 – 2 October 1988 |
Episodes | 50 |
Norakuro (Japanese: のらくろ) is a Japanese manga series created by Suihō Tagawa, originally published by Kodansha in Shōnen Kurabu, and one of the first series' to be reprinted in tankōbon format.[1] The titular protagonist, Norakuro, or Norakuro-kun, is an anthropomorphic black and white dog inspired by Felix the Cat.[2] The name Norakuro is an abbreviation of norainu (野良犬, stray dog) and Kurokichi (黒吉, the name of the dog, literally meaning "black luck").
Media
Manga
In the original story, the central character Norakuro was a soldier serving in an army of dogs called the "fierce dogs regiment" (猛犬連隊, mōkenrentai). The strip's publication began in Kodansha's Shōnen Kurabu in 1931, and was based on the Imperial Japanese Army of the time;[3] the manga artist, Suihō Tagawa, had served in the Imperial Army from 1919 to 1922. Norakuro was gradually promoted from private to captain in the stories, which began as humorous episodes, but eventually developed into propaganda tales of military exploits against the "pigs army" on the "continent" - a thinly-veiled reference to the Second Sino-Japanese War.[4] The series became a hit in Japan; Shonen Kurabu's circulation was of 750.000 in 1936,[5] and several Norakuro-themed merchandise (toys, stationery and other products - licensed or not) were sold.[6][7] Kimihiko Nakamura argues that "Norakuro connected children with the war and became a representative of wartime children's culture as an unofficial propaganda hero."[8]
Serialization of Norakuro stopped in 1941 for wartime austerity reasons. After the war, due to the popularity of the strip, the character returned in various guises, including a sumo wrestler and a botanist.
There is an excerpt that appears in the sixth Kramer's Ergot comics anthology which is the only example of Tagawa's work published in English.[3]
Short films
At least seven extant animated short films featuring Norakuro were made from June 1933 to 1939.
English title | Japanese title | Release date | Directed by | Written by | Studio | Runtime |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Private 2nd Class Norakuro: The Training[9][10] | のらくろ二等兵 演習の巻 | 14 June 1933 | Yasuji Murata | Chuzo Aochi & Suihō Tagawa | Yokohama Cinema Company | 1 film reel[a] |
Private 2nd Class Nora-kuro: The Drill[9][10] | のらくろ二等兵 教練の巻 | 14 June 1933 | Yasuji Murata | Chuzo Aochi & Suihō Tagawa | Yokohama Cinema Company | 1 film reel[a] |
Corporal Nora-Kuro[11] | のらくろ伍長 | 9 March 1934 | Yasuji Murata | Chuzo Aochi & Suihō Tagawa | Yokohama Cinema Company | 11 minutes |
Private 1st Class Nora-Kuro[12] | のらくろ一等兵 | 1935 | Mitsuyo Seo | Suihō Tagawa | Seo Talkie Manga Labs | 1 film reel |
Private 2nd Class Nora-Kuro[13] | のらくろ二等兵 | 1935 | Mitsuyo Seo | Suihō Tagawa | Seo Talkie Manga Labs | 2 film reels |
Nora-Kuro's Tiger Hunt[14] | のらくろ虎退治 | 1938 | Mitsuyo Seo | Suihō Tagawa | Geijutsu Eiga Sha | 10 minutes |
Norakuro The Sergeant: The Air Ride[15] | のらくろ軍曹 空襲の巻 | c.1939 | Mitsuyo Seo | Suihō Tagawa | Geijutsu Eiga Sha | 52 seconds (Surviving print)[15] |
Anime series
Two post-war animated series of Norakuro, in 1970 and 1987, have also been produced. In the 1970 series, the voice of Norakuro was played by Nobuyo Ōyama, also known as the voice of Doraemon. During the 1980s and early 1990s, Norakuro was the mascot of the Physical Training School (Tai-Iku Gakko) of the Japan Self-Defense Forces.
See also
- List of anime by release date (pre-1939)
- Momotaro: Sacred Sailors
Notes
- ^ a b One film strip was used for these two short films featuring "Private 2nd Class Norakuro".
References
- ^ Jason S. Yadao. The Rough Guide to Manga
- ^ ""Norakuro" |".
- ^ a b Deppey, Dirk (25 September 2006). "Kramers Ergot 6". The Comics Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ Exner, Eike (12 November 2021). Comics and the Origins of Manga: A Revisionist History. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-1-9788-2723-3.
- ^ Skabelund, Aaron (15 December 2011). Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-6324-2.
- ^ Suzuki, Shige (CJ); Stewart, Ronald (22 September 2022). Manga: A Critical Guide. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-07237-4.
- ^ McCarthy, Helen (16 June 2014). A Brief History of Manga. Octopus. ISBN 978-1-78157-130-9.
- ^ Nakamura, Kimihiko (June 2024). "Norakuro: Imperial Japan's Unofficial Mascot for Children". Aziatische Kunst. 54 (2): 32.
- ^ a b "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 2]". www.digital-meme.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ a b "のらくろ二等兵 演習の巻 - のらくろ二等兵 教練の巻". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
- ^ "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 3]". www.digital-meme.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "のらくろ一等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "のらくろ二等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "NoraKuro's Tiger Hunt" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ a b "国産動画 - のらくろシリーズ|玩具映画フィルム|おもちゃ映画ミュージアム". おもちゃ映画ミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 October 2023.
External links
- Norakuro-kun at Studio Pierrot
- Norakuro-kun at Studio Pierrot (in Japanese)
- Norakuro (1970 TV series) (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- v
- t
- e
- Sennin Buraku (1963)
- Gigantor (1963)
- 8 Man (1963)
- Super Jetter (1965)
- Space Boy Soran (1965)
- Prince Planet (1965)
- Yūsei Kamen (1966)
- Bōken Gabotenjima (1967)
- Skyers 5 (1967)
- The Cricket on the Hearth (1967)
- Sasuke (1968)
- Ninpū Kamui Gaiden (1963)
- Sazae-san (1969 – current)
- Kamui Gaiden (1969)
- Dōbutsu-mura Monogatari (1970)
- Bakuhatsu Gorō (1970)
- Norakuro (1970)
- Shin Skyers 5 (1971)
- Onbu Obake (1972)
- Bōken Korobokkuru (1973)
- Jim Button (1974)
- Iruka to Shōnen (1975)
- Hokahoka Kazoku (1976–1982)
- UFO Senshi Diablon (1976)
- UFO Senshi Diablon 2 (1976)
- Captain (1980)
- Captain (1981)
- Donbē Monogatari (1981)
- Captain (1983)
- Glass Mask (1984)
- Ginga Patrol PJ (1984)
- Dotanba no Manā (1984–1987)
- Musashi no Ken (1985–1986)
- Musashi no Ken (1986)
- Kotowaza House (1987–1994)
- Hai Akko Desu (1988–1992)
- Shīton Dōbutsuki (1989–1990)
- Kobo-chan Special: Filled with Autumn (1990)
- Kobo-chan Special: Filled with Dreams!! (1991)
- Micro Patrol (1991)
- Kobo-chan (1992–1994)
- Cooking Papa (1992–1995)
- Kobo-chan Special: Filled with Festivals! (1994)
- Oyako Club (1994–2013)
- Ijiwaru Bā-san (1996–1997)
- Kiko-chan Smile (1996–1997)
- Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Torajirō Wasure na Kusa (1998)
- Kobo-chan Special: The Promised Magic Day (1998)
- Suteki! Sakura Mama! (2000)
- Go! Go! Itsutsugo Land (2001–2002)
- Gokiburi-chan (2005)
- Play Ball (2005)
- Play Ball 2nd (2006)
- Tetsujin 28-go Gao! (2013–2016)
- Bonobono (2016–current)
- 8-Man Infinity (TBA)