Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Southern Cordilleran |
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Geographic distribution | northern Luzon |
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Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
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Glottolog | sout2907 |
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The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.
Internal classification
The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
- Southern Cordilleran
- Ilongot
- West Southern Cordilleran
- Pangasinan
- Nuclear Southern Cordilleran
- Ibaloi (including Iwak)
- Karao
- Kalanguya
Reconstruction
Proto-Southern Cordilleran |
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Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
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Reconstructed ancestors | |
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Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
Phonology
Vocabulary
The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
Comparison table Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) |
Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning |
ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' |
dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' |
Southern Cordilleran innovations |
Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning |
ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' |
bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' |
tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*qaqay) | 'foot' |
-to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' |
kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' |
tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' |
- ^ *kɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn *kaSiw
- ^ *túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn *Cau
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References
- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
- ^ a b c d Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1): 120–177. doi:10.2307/3623282. JSTOR 3623282.
- ^ a b Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.
External links
- "Southern Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.
‹ The template below (Austronesian languages) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
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Philippine (linkage) ? | |
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | |
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South Sulawesi | |
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Isolates | |
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SHWNG | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | |
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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