BovinaeJulat zaman: Miosen hingga kini
Fail:Kerbau jantan (Syncerus caffer) (11838910043).jpg Kerbau Afrika jantan (Syncerus caffer ) Pengelasan saintifik Domain: Eukaryota Alam: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Keluarga: Bovidae Subkeluarga: BovinaeGray, 1821 Puak Boselaphini (Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907) Tragelaphini (Blyth, 1863 sensu Sokolov, 1953) Bovini (Gray, 1821)
Subkeluarga Bovinae terdiri daripada 10 genus mamalia ungulate, termasuklah lembu, kerbau, bison, dan yak, serta antelope bertanduk empat dan bertanduk pintal. Hubungan evolusi sesama anggota masih diperdebatkan, dan pembahagian ahli-ahli kepada puak daripada subkumpulan mencerminkan ketidaktentuan ini. Ciri-ciri umumnya termasuk telapuk berbelah dan sekurang-kurangnya satu jantina tumbuh tanduk betul-betul. Ahli terbesar yang wujud ialah seladang.
Di kebanyakan negara, ahli-ahli Bovinae digunakan untuk makanan. Lembu dimakan di mana-mana sahaja kecuali di sesetengah kawasan India dan Nepal di mana lembu dikira suci oleh kebanyakan penganut agama Hindu .
Sistematik dan pengelasan Tengkorak bovin. Tengkorak bovinl. FAMILI BOVIDAE Subfamili Bovinae Puak Boselaphini Genus Tetracerus Antelop tanduk empat, Tetracerus quadricornis T.q. quadricornis T.q. iodes T.q. subquadricornis Genus Boselaphus Nilgai , Boselaphus tragocamelus B.t. tragocamelus (nilgai India) Puak Bovini Genus Bubalus Spesies Kerbau, Bubalus arnee Anoa tanah rendah, Bubalus depressicornis Anoa gunung, Bubalus quarlesi Tamaraw , Bubalus mindorensis Tamaraw Cebu†, Bubalus cebuensis (pupus) Genus Bos Aurochs , Bos primigenius Eurasian Aurochs†, Bos primigenius primigenius (pupus) Indian Aurochs†, Bos primigenius namadicus (pupus) North African Aurochs†, Bos primigenius africanus (pupus) Banteng, Bos javanicus Seladang , Bos gaurus Gayal, Bos frontalis (seladang jinak) Yak , Bos grunniens Yak liar, Bos mutus Bos palaesondaicus †, (pupus) Kouprey, Bos sauveli Lembu bela jinak, Bos taurus Lembu taurina, Bos taurus taurus Zebu , Bos taurus indicus Genus Pseudoryx Saola , Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Genus Syncerus Genus Bison Bison Amerika , Bison bison Wisent, Bison bonasus Bison palaeosinensis †, (pupus) Wisent steppe†, Bison priscus (pupus) Bison purba†, Bison antiquus (pupus) Bison tanduk panjang†, Bison latifrons (pupus) Genus Pelorovis † (pupus) Kerbau gergasi†, Pelorovis antiquus (pupus) Puak Tragelaphini Genus Tragelaphus (antelope-like) Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus Kudu besar, Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kéwel, Tragelaphus scriptus Imbabala, Tragelaphus sylvaticus Kudu kecil, Tragelaphus imberbis Nyala gunung, Tragelaphus buxtoni Nyala , Tragelaphus angasii Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekeii Genus Taurotragus Eland biasa, Taurotragus oryx Eland gergasi, Taurotragus derbianus
Etimologi Bovinae berasal dari bahasa Latin bos , "lembu", menerusi bahasa Latin Akhir bovinus . Bos datang dari akar Indo-Eropah *gw ous , yang bermaksud lembu.
Rujukan
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull. Zool. Nomencl ., 60:81–84.
Pautan luar Bovinae information in ITIS . Congress on Controversies in Bovine Health, Industry & Economics (CoBo)
Antilocapridae
Giraffidae
Okapia Giraffa Zirafah utara (G. camelopardalis ) Zirafah selatan (G. giraffa ) Zirafah beretikulat (G. reticulata ) Zirafah Masai (G. tippelskirchii )
Moschidae
Moschus
Rusa kesturi Anhui (M. anhuiensis ) Rusa kesturi kerdil (M. berezovskii ) Rusa kesturi alpin (M. chrysogaster ) Rusa kesturi Kashmir (M. cupreus ) Rusa kesturi hitam (M. fuscus ) Rusa kesturi Himalaya (M. leucogaster ) Rusa kesturi Siberia (M. moschiferus )
Tragulidae
Hyemoschus
Pelanduk air (H. aquaticus ) Moschiola
Pelanduk bintang India (M. indica ) Pelanduk belang kuning (M. kathygre ) Pelanduk bintang Sri Lanka (M. meminna ) Pelanduk Jawa (T. javanicus ) Kancil (T. kanchil ) Napuh (T. napu ) Pelanduk Filipina (T. nigricans ) Pelanduk Vietnam (T. versicolor ) Pelanduk Williamson (T. williamsoni )
Cervidae Keluarga besar tersenarai di bawah
Bovidae Keluarga besar tersenarai di bawah
Cervinae
Kijang biasa (M. muntjak ) Kijang Reeves (M. reevesi ) Kijang hitam (M. crinifrons ) Kijang Fea (M. feae ) Kijang kuning Kalimantan (M. atherodes ) Kijang Roosevelt (M. rooseveltorum ) Kijang Gongshan (M. gongshanensis ) Kijang gergasi (M. vuquangensis ) Kijang Truong Son (M. truongsonensis ) Kijang daun (M. putaoensis ) Kijang Sumatera (M. montanus ) Kijang Pu Hoat (M. puhoatensis ) Rusa jumbai (E. cephalophus ) Dama
Rusa rang (D. dama ) Rusa rang Parsi (D. mesopotamica ) Barasingha (R. duvaucelii ) Rusa Père David (E. davidianus ) Hyelaphus
Rusa babi (H. porcinus ) Rusa Calamian (H. calamianensis ) Rusa Bawean (H. kuhlii ) Rusa
Rusa sambar (R. unicolor ) Rusa Jawa (R. timorensis ) Rusa Filipina (R. mariannus ) Rusa bintang Filipina (R. alfredi ) Rusa merah (C. elaphus ) Elk (C. canadensis ) Rusa Thorold (C. albirostris ) Rusa Sika (C. nippon )
Capreolinae
Kijang barat (C. capreolus ) Kijang Siberia (C. pygargus ) Karibu / Rusa kutub (R. tarandus ) Taruka (H. antisensis ) Rusa Andes Selatan (H. bisulcus ) Mazama
Broket merah (M. americana ) Broket merah kecil (M. bororo ) Broket Merida (M. bricenii ) Broket kerdil (M. chunyi ) Broket kelabu (M. gouazoubira ) Broket pigmi (M. nana ) Broket merah Amazon (M. nemorivaga ) Broket merah Yucatan (M. pandora ) Broket merah Ecuador (M. rufina ) Broket merah Amerika Tengah (M. temama ) Rusa Pampas (O. bezoarticus ) Rusa paya (B. dichotomus ) Pudu
Pudú utara (P. mephistophiles ) Pudú (P. pudu ) Rusa berekor putih (O. virginianus ) Rusa baghal (O. hemionus )
Cephalophinae
Cephalophus
Duiker Abbott (C. spadix ) Duiker Aders (C. adersi ) Duiker bay (C. dorsalis ) Duiker hitam (C. niger ) Duiker depan hitam (C. nigrifrons ) Duiker Brooke (C. brookei ) Duiker Harvey (C. harveyi ) Duiker Jentink (C. jentinki ) Duiker Ogilby (C. ogilbyi ) Duiker Peters (C. callipygus ) Duiker tepi merah (C. rufilatus ) Duiker hutan merah (C. natalensis ) Duiker Ruwenzori (C. rubidis ) Duiker Weyns (C. weynsi ) Duiker perut putih (C. leucogaster ) Duiker kaki putih (C. crusalbum ) Duiker belakang kuning (C. Sylvicultor ) Duiker kuda belang (C. zebra ) Philantomba
Duiker biru (P. monticola ) Duiker Maxwell (P. maxwellii ) Duiker Walter (P. walteri ) Sylvicapra
Duiker biasa (S. grimmia )
Hippotraginae
Hippotragus
Antelop roan (H. equinus ) Antelop sabel (H. niger ) Oriks Afrika Timur (O. beisa ) Oriks syamsir (O. dammah ) Gemsbok (O. gazella ) Oriks Arab (O. leucoryx ) Addax
Reduncinae
Kobus
Upemba lechwe (K. anselli ) Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus ) Kob (K. kob ) Lechwe (K. leche ) Lechwe Nil (K. megaceros ) Puku (K. vardonii ) Redunca
Ridbak selatan (R. arundinum ) Ridbak gunung (R. fulvorufula ) Ridbak Bohor (R. redunca )
Aepycerotinae
Peleinae
Pelea
Rebok kelabu (P. capreolus )
Alcelaphinae
Beatragus
Damaliscus
Topi (D. korrigum ) Tsessebe biasa (D. lunatus ) Bontebok (D. pygargus ) Tsessebe Bangweulu (D. superstes ) Alcelaphus
Hartebeest (A. buselaphus ) Hartebeest merah (A. caama ) Hartebeest Lichtenstein (A. lichtensteinii ) Wildebeest hitam (C. gnou ) Wildebeest biru (C. taurinus )
Pantholopinae
Pantholops
Antelop Tibet (P. hodgsonii )
Caprinae Subkeluarga besar tersenarai di bawah
Bovinae Subkeluarga besar tersenarai di bawah
Antilopinae Subkeluarga besar tersenarai di bawah
Ammotragus
Budorcas
Capra
Kambing liar (C. aegagrus ) Tur Kaukasia Barat (C. caucasia ) Tur Kaukasia Timur (C. cylindricornis ) Markhor (C. falconeri ) Ibeks Alp (C. ibex ) Ibeks Nubia (C. nubiana ) Ibeks Sepanyol (C. pyrenaica ) Ibeks Siberia (C. sibirica ) Ibeks Walia (C. walie ) Kambing hutan Jepun (C. crispus ) Kambing hutan Taiwan (C. swinhoei ) Kambing hutan Sumatera (C. sumatraensis ) Kambing hutan tanah besar (C. milneedwardsii ) Kambing hutan merah (C. rubidusi ) Kambing hutan Himalaya (C. thar ) Hemitragus
Tahr Nilgiri (H. hylocrius ) Tahr Arab (H. jayakari ) Tahr Himalaya (H. jemlahicus ) Goral merah (N. baileyi ) Goral ekor panjang (N. caudatus ) Goral himalaya (N. goral ) Goral Cina (N. griseus ) Kambing gunung (O. americanus ) Ovibos
Lembu kesturi (O. moschatus ) Ovis
Argali (O. ammon ) Biri-biri bela jinak (O. aries ) Biri-biri tanduk besar (O. canadensis ) Biri-biri Dall (O. dalli ) Mouflon (O. musimon ) Biri-biri salji (O. nivicola ) Urial (O. orientalis ) Pseudois
Bharal (P. nayaur ) Biri-biri biru kerdil (P. schaeferi ) Rupicapra
Chamois Pyrenees (R. pyrenaica ) Chamois (R. rupicapra )
Keluarga Bovidae (subkeluarga Bovinae)
Boselaphini
Tetracerus
Antelop empat tanduk (T. quadricornis )
Bovini
Bubalus
Kerbau (B. bubalus ) Kerbau liar (B. arnee ) Anoa tanah pamah (B. depressicornis ) Anoa gunung (B. quarlesi ) Tamaraw (B. mindorensis ) Banteng (B. javanicus ) Seladang (B. gaurus ) Gayal (B. frontalis ) Yak (B. mutus ) Lembu (B. taurus ) Kouprey (B. sauveli ) Zebu (B. indicus ) Pseudonovibos
Kerbau Afrika (S. caffer ) Bison (B. bison ) Wisent (B. bonasus )
Strepsicerotini
Tragelaphus (termasuk kudu ) Sitatunga (T. spekeii ) Nyala (T. angasii ) Kéwel (T. scriptus ) Imbabala (T. sylvaticus ) Nyala gunung (T. buxtoni ) Kudu kecil (T. imberbis ) Kudu besar (T. strepsiceros ) Bongo (T. eurycerus ) Taurotragus
Eland biasa (T. oryx ) Eland gergasi (T. derbianus )
Keluarga Bovidae (subkeluarga Antilopinae)
Antilopini
Antidorcas
Springbok (A. marsupialis ) Antilope
Blackbuck (A. cervicapra ) Eudorcas
Gazel Mongalla (E. albonotata ) Gazel depan merah (E. rufifrons ) Gazel Thomson (E. thomsonii ) Gazel gunung (G. gazella ) Gazel Neumann (G. erlangeri ) Gazel Speke (G. spekei ) Gazel Dorcas (G. dorcas ) Chinkara (G. bennettii ) Gazel Cuiver (G. cuvieri ) Gazel Rhim (G. leptoceros ) Gazel gondok (G. subgutturosa ) Litocranius
Nanger
Gazel Dama (N. dama ) Gazel Grant (N. granti ) Gazel Soemmerring (N. soemmerringii ) Procapra
Gazel Mongolia (P. gutturosa ) Goa (P. picticaudata ) Gazel Przewalski (P. przewalskii )
Saigini
Pantholops
Antelop Tibet (P. hodgsonii ) Antelop Saiga (S. tatarica )
Neotragini
Dorcatragus
Madoqua
Dik-dik Günther (M. guentheri ) Dik-dik Kirk (M. kirkii ) Dik-dik perak (M. piacentinii ) Dik-dik Salt (M. saltiana ) Neotragus
Antelop pigmi Bates (N. batesi ) Suni (N. moschatus ) Antelop royal (N. pygmaeus ) Oreotragus
Klipspringer (O. oreotragus ) Ourebia
Raphicerus
Steenbok (R. campestris ) Grysbok Tanjung (R. melanotis ) Grysbok Sharpe (R. sharpei )
Suborder Suina
Suidae
Babirusa buru (B. babyrussa ) Babirusa Sulawesi Utara (B. celebensis ) Babirusa Togian (B. togeanensis ) Hylochoerus
Babi hutan gergasi (H. meinertzhageni ) Babi kutil gurun (P. aethiopicus ) Babi kutil (P. africanus ) Porcula
Babi kerdil (P. salvania ) Potamochoerus
Babi belukar (P. larvatus ) Babi sungai merah (P. porcus ) Sus
Babi janggut Palawan (S. ahoenobarbus ) Babi janggut Borneo (S. barbatus ) Indo-chinese warty pig (S. bucculentus ) Babi kutil Bisaya (S. cebifrons ) Babi kutil Sulawesi (S. celebensis ) Babi kutil Flores (S. heureni ) Babi kutil Oliver (S. oliveri ) Babi kutil Filipina (S. philippensis ) Babi hutan (S. scrofa ) Babi kutil Timor (S. timoriensis ) Babi kutil Jawa (S. verrucosus )
Tayassuidae
Tayassu
Pekari bibir putih (T. pecari ) Catagonus
Pecari
Pekari berkolar (P. tajacu ) Pekari gergasi (P. maximus )
Suborder Tylopoda
Camelidae
Lama
Llama (L. glama ) Guanako (L. guanicoe ) Vikuna (V. vicugna ) Alpaka (V. pacos ) Unta Arab (C. dromedarius ) Unta Baktria (C. bactrianus ) Unta Baktria liar (C. ferus )
Cetartiodactyla (klad tanpa pangkat, lebih tinggi daripada Artiodactyla)
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus
Choeropsis
Badak air kerdil (C. liberiensis )