Ibn 'Arafa
Ibn 'Arafa | |
---|---|
Personal | |
Born | 716 AH[1] |
Died | 803 AH[1] |
Religion | Islam |
Denomination | Sunni |
Jurisprudence | Maliki[1] |
Creed | Ashari[2] |
Muslim leader | |
Influenced by |
Ibn 'Arafa (Arabic: ابن عرفة), born Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Arafa al-Warghammi, in 1316 in Tunis and died in 1401 in the same city, was a Tunisian Imam, the most illustrious representative of Maliki Islam to the Hafsid period.[3][1]
Of Berber origin from south-eastern Tunisia,[1] he had knowledge of law, of grammar, of rhetoric, of mathematics, and of medicine that enabled him to lead the prestigious Al-Zaytuna Mosque and the University of Ez-Zitouna for several years.
Staunch defender of Maliki Islam, he did not hesitate to come into direct conflict with several Sufi of his time as the esoteric and religious practices he witnessed were beyond the precepts of Islam and the understanding of the faithful. He also had conflicts with Ibn Khaldun who he suspected had non-religious motives. Khaldun, in turn, accused Ibn Arafa of being jealous of his popularity.
As a theologian, Ibn Arafa was a strict and pure Maliki, and a powerful figure especially in Tunisia. He was also the author of numerous books on law, theology, and logic. Such books are stored at Zaytuna, in Tunisia.
At his death in 1401, he was buried in Djellaz Cemetery located in the old medina of Tunis, which has been preserved as the oldest historical monument of the state.[4]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Idris, H.R. (1986) [1971]. "Ibn ʿArafa". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill publishers. p. 712. ISBN 9004081186.
- ^ El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2015-07-08). Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9781107042964.
- ^ (in French) Moncef Ben Salem, « Imam Ibn Arafa (1316-1401) », Tunisian Press, June 9, 2008[permanent dead link]
- ^ (in French) Presentation of Dar Ibn Arafa (Sites and monuments)[permanent dead link]
- v
- t
- e
- Malik ibn Anas (founder of the school; 711–795)
- Ali ibn Ziyad (d. 799)
- Ibn Wahb (743–813)
- Ibn al-Qasim
- Asad ibn al-Furat (759–828)
- Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi (d. 848)
- Sahnun (d. 854/55)
- Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri (767–856)
- Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (801–871)
- Abu al-Arab (d. 945)
- Ibn Abi Zayd (922–996)
- Al-Baqillani (950–1013)
- Sidi Mahrez (951–1022)
- Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab (973–1035)
- Abu Imran al-Fasi (d. 1039)
- Ibn Battal (d. 1057)
- Ibn 'Abd al-Barr (d. 1071)
- Al-Baji (1013–1081)
- Al-Lakhmi (1006–1085)
- Al-Lamti
- At-Turtushi (1059–1126)
- Al-Maziri (1061–1141)
- Ibn Barrajan (d. 1141)
- Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (1076–1148)
- Qadi Ayyad (1083–1149)
- Al-Suhayli (1114–1185)
- Averroes (1126–1198)
- Al-Tamimi (d. 1207/08)
- Al-Qattan (d. 1231)
- Al-Azafi (1162–1236)
- Ibn al-Hajib (d. 1249)
- Al-Qurtubi (1214–1273)
- Al-Qarafi (1228–1285)
- Ibn Ata Allah (1259–1310)
- Al-Zarwili (d. 1319)
- Ibn Rushayd (1259–1321)
- Ibn al-Haj (d. 1336)
- Ibn Juzayy (d. 1340)
- Khalil ibn-Ishaq (d. 1365)
- Ibn Marzuq (d. 1379)
- Ash-Shatibi (1320–1388)
- Ibn Farhun (d. 1397)
- Ibn 'Arafa (1316–1401)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)
- Al-Sakkak (d. 1415)
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi (1373–1429)
- Ibn Faïd (1394–1453)
- Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (1384–1479)
- Ibn al-Azraq (1427–1491)
- Ahmad Zarruq (1442–1493)
- Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi (d. 1497/98)
- Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq (d. 1506/07)
- Al-Wansharisi (d. 1508)
- Ibn Abi Jum'ah (d. 1511)
- Al-Miknasi (1437–1513)
- Al-Hattab (1497–1547)
- Al-Akhdari (1512–1575)
- Al-Mandjur (1520–1587)
- Al-Tamgruti (d. 1594/95)
- Ibn Ashir (1582–1631)
- Al-Laqani (d. 1631)
- Mayyara (1591–1662)
- Al-Dila'i (d. 1678)
- Al-Qadir al-Fasi (1599–1680)
- Al-Rahman al-Fasi (1631–1685)
- Az-Zurqani (1611–1688)
- Muhammad al-Zurqani (1645–1710)
- Ibn al-Tayyib (1698–1756)
- Al-Bannani (1727–1780)
- Ad-Dardir (1715–1786)
- M'Hamed Al-Azhari (d. 1793/94)
- Al-Tawudi ibn Suda (1700–1795)
- Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi (d. 1800)
- Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (1747–1809)
- Ad-Desouki (d. 1815)
- Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817)
- Al-Hajj al-Fasi (1760–1817)
- Abdullahi dan Fodio (1766–1829)
- Muhammad 'Ilish (1802–1882)
- Al Alawi (d. 1888)
- Salim al-Bishri (1832–1916)
- Ahmed Harrak Srifi (d. 1925)
- Ahmed Skirej (1878–1944)
- Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani (1897–1970)
- Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour (1909–1970)
- Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (1879–1973)
- Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki (1944–2004)
- Othman Battikh (1941–2022)
- Abdallah bin Bayyah (b. 1935)
- Ahmed el-Tayeb (b. 1946)
- Ahmad Karima (b. 1951)
- Hamza Yusuf (b. 1958)
- Muhammad al-Yaqoubi (b. 1963)
- Rashid Al Marikhi
- Hanafi
- Hanbali
- Shafi'i
- Zahiri