Mood Indigo
"Mood Indigo" | |
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Song by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra | |
Published | 1930 |
Genre | Jazz standard |
Label | RCA Victor |
Composer(s) | Duke Ellington, Barney Bigard |
Lyricist(s) | Irving Mills |
"Mood Indigo" is a jazz song with music by Duke Ellington and Barney Bigard and lyrics by Irving Mills.[1]
Composition
Although Irving Mills—Jack Mills's brother and publishing partner—took credit for the lyrics, Mitchell Parish claimed in a 1987 interview that he had written the lyrics.[2]
The tune was composed for a radio broadcast in October 1930 and was originally titled "Dreamy Blues". It was "the first tune I ever wrote specially for microphone transmission", Ellington recalled. "The next day wads of mail came in raving about the new tune, so Irving Mills put a lyric to it." Renamed "Mood Indigo", it became a jazz standard.[3]
The main theme was provided by Bigard, who learned it in New Orleans, Louisiana from his clarinet teacher Lorenzo Tio, who called it a "Mexican Blues". Ellington's arrangement was first recorded by his band for Brunswick on October 17, 1930. It was recorded twice more in 1930. These recordings included Arthur Whetsel (trumpet), Tricky Sam Nanton (trombone), Barney Bigard (clarinet), Duke Ellington (piano), Fred Guy (banjo), Wellman Braud (bass), Sonny Greer (drums). Ellington blended muted trumpet, muted trombone, and clarinet.
Ellington took the traditional front-line—trumpet, trombone, and clarinet—and inverted them. He chose Yvonne Luanauze (real name Eve Duke) as the band’s vocalist because her mellow timbre was similar to the sound of a saxophone.[4] At the time of these first three recordings in 1930, the usual voicing of the horns would be clarinet at the top (highest pitch), trumpet in the middle, and the trombone at the bottom (lowest pitch). In "Mood Indigo" Ellington voices the trombone right at the top of the instrument's register, and the clarinet at the very lowest. This was unheard of at the time, and also created (in the studio) a so-called "mike-tone"—an effect generated by the overtones of the clarinet and trombone (which was tightly muted as well). The "mike-tone" gives the audio-illusion of the presence of a fourth "voice" or instrument. Ellington used this effect in "(In My) Solitude" (1932), "Dusk" (1940), and many other pieces throughout his career. The Ellington band performed and recorded the song continuously throughout its 50 years, both in its original form and as a vehicle for individual soloists.
In 1975, the 1931 release of "Mood Indigo" by Duke Ellington on Brunswick Records was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[5]
Other versions
- Duke Ellington – 1930[6]
- Lee Morse - 1932
- The Boswell Sisters - 1933
- Jimmie Lunceford – 1934[6]
- Duke Ellington – Masterpieces by Ellington (1950)[6]
- In 1954, the Norman Petty Trio had a hit with the song, which reached No. 14 on the pop charts.[7]
- The Four Freshmen– 1954[8]
- Frank Sinatra - In The Wee Small Hours (1955)
- Thelonious Monk – Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington (Riverside 1955)[6]
- Nina Simone – Little Girl Blue (1959)[6]
- Charles Mingus – Mingus Dynasty (Columbia 1960) & Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus (Impulse! 1964)
- Linda Lawson – Introducing Linda Lawson (1960)[9]
- Duke Ellington and Coleman Hawkins – Duke Ellington Meets Coleman Hawkins (Impulse! 1962)[6]
- Clark Terry and Bob Brookmeyer with Hank Jones – Gingerbread Men (Mainstream 1966)[6]
- Mina (arr. Gianni Ferrio) – Plurale (1976)
- Yukihiro Takahashi – Saravah! (1978)
- The Singers Unlimited (arr. Clare Fischer; voc arr. Gene Puerling) – A Special Blend (1980)[10]
- Marcus Roberts – Alone with Three Giants (1990)[6]
- Dave Grusin – Homage to Duke (1993)
- Dee Dee Bridgewater (arr. Clare Fischer) – Prelude to a Kiss: The Duke Ellington Album (1996)[11][12]
- Mulgrew Miller and Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen – The Duets (1999)[13]
Film appearances
"Mood Indigo" is featured in the films Bait (1954); The Continental Twist (1961); Paris Blues (1961); All Night Long (1962); Julia (1977); Rough Cut (1980); Renacer [es] (1981); Frances (1982); The Cotton Club (1984); The Untouchables (1987); Harlem Nights (1989); The White Countess (2005); White Men Can't Jump (1992); Curtain Call (1999); Pitch People (1999); The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000); Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002); Hart's War (2002); Up In the Air (2009); and Keep On Keepin' On (2014).
It can also be heard in the TV movie Relentless: Mind of a Killer (1993); in the miniseries Come In Spinner (1990) and Mildred Pierce (2011); and in episodes from two HBO series created by David Chase: "Walk Like a Man" from The Sopranos (1999–2007) and "El Dorado," the series finale of Boardwalk Empire (2011–2014).[14]
See also
References
- ^ "ACE Repertory". www.ascap.com. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Holden, Stephen (1 February 1987). "Theater; Mitchell Parish: A Way With Words". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ Hasse, John Edward (22 March 1995), Beyond Category: The Life And Genius Of Duke Ellington, Da Capo Press, pp. 134–, ISBN 978-0-306-80614-8, retrieved 8 November 2018
- ^ "Frank Sinatra – in the Wee Small Hours – Classic Music Review". 4 July 2018.
- ^ https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award#m [bare URL]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gioia, Ted (2012). The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire. New York City: Oxford University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-19-993739-4.
- ^ Lonergan, David F. (2005), Hit Records, 1950–1975, Scarecrow Press, pp. 151–, ISBN 978-0-8108-5129-0, retrieved 8 November 2018
- ^ "45cat.com". Retrieved 2019-01-02.
- ^ Adinolfi, Francesco (2008). Mondo Exotica: Sounds, Visions, Obsessions of the Cocktail Generation. Duke University Press. p. 118. ISBN 9780822341567. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ Stevens, Peter (July 11, 1980). "Some interesting music from across the Atlantic". The Windsor Star. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ Lawson, Terry (October 18, 1996). "Prelude to a Kiss". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ ."'Prelude to a Kiss' Track List". Decca Classics. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Mulgrew Miller Discography". jazzdisco.org. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ Meeker, David. "Jazz on the Screen". Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
External links
- "Mood Indigo" at Jazz Standards
- v
- t
- e
- Harlem Jazz, 1930
- Ellingtonia, Vol. One
- Ellingtonia, Vol. Two
- Braggin' in Brass: The Immortal 1938 Year
- The Blanton–Webster Band
- Never No Lament: The Blanton-Webster Band
- Smoke Rings
- Liberian Suite
- Great Times!
- Masterpieces by Ellington
- Ellington Uptown
- The Duke Plays Ellington
- Ellington '55
- Dance to the Duke!
- Ellington Showcase
- Historically Speaking
- Duke Ellington Presents...
- The Complete Porgy and Bess
- A Drum Is a Woman
- Studio Sessions, Chicago 1956
- Such Sweet Thunder
- Studio Sessions 1957 & 1962
- Ellington Indigos
- Black, Brown and Beige
- Duke Ellington at the Bal Masque
- The Cosmic Scene
- Happy Reunion
- Jazz Party
- Anatomy of a Murder
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- Blues in Orbit
- The Nutcracker Suite
- Piano in the Background
- Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G.
- Unknown Session
- Piano in the Foreground
- Paris Blues
- Featuring Paul Gonsalves
- Midnight in Paris
- Studio Sessions, New York 1962
- Afro-Bossa
- The Symphonic Ellington
- Duke Ellington's Jazz Violin Session
- Studio Sessions New York 1963
- My People
- Ellington '65
- Duke Ellington Plays Mary Poppins
- Ellington '66
- Concert in the Virgin Islands
- The Popular Duke Ellington
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- The Jaywalker
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- ...And His Mother Called Him Bill
- Second Sacred Concert
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- Latin American Suite
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- New Orleans Suite
- Orchestral Works
- The Suites, New York 1968 & 1970
- The Intimacy of the Blues
- The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse
- Studio Sessions New York & Chicago, 1965, 1966 & 1971
- The Intimate Ellington
- The Ellington Suites
- This One's for Blanton!
- Up in Duke's Workshop
- Duke's Big 4
- Mood Ellington
- Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live
- Black, Brown, and Beige
- The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1943
- The Carnegie Hall Concerts: December 1944
- The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1946
- The Carnegie Hall Concerts: December 1947
- Ellington at Newport
- Dance Concerts, California 1958
- Dance Dates, California 1958
- Newport 1958
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- The Stockholm Concert, 1966
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- Francis A. & Edward K.
- It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing
- "African Flower"
- "All Too Soon"
- "Azure"
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- "C Jam Blues"
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- "Cotton Tail"
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- "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
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- "Just A-Sittin' and A-Rockin'"
- "Just Squeeze Me (But Please Don't Tease Me)"
- "The Mooche"
- "Mood Indigo"
- " Prelude to a Kiss"
- "Rocks in My Bed"
- "(In My) Solitude"
- "Sophisticated Lady"
- Queenie Pie (unfinished opera)
by Billy Strayhorn |
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by Juan Tizol |
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members
- Hayes Alvis
- Cat Anderson
- Ivie Anderson
- Harold Ashby
- Alice Babs
- Shorty Baker
- Butch Ballard
- Art Baron
- Aaron Bell
- Louie Bellson
- Joe Benjamin
- Barney Bigard
- Lou Blackburn
- Jimmy Blanton
- Wellman Braud
- Lawrence Brown
- Harry Carney
- Johnny Coles
- Willie Cook
- Buster Cooper
- Kay Davis
- Wild Bill Davis
- Wilbur de Paris
- Bobby Durham
- Mercer Ellington
- Rolf Ericson
- Jimmy Forrest
- Victor Gaskin
- Peter Giger
- Tyree Glenn
- Paul Gonsalves
- Sonny Greer
- Fred Guy
- Jimmy Hamilton
- Otto Hardwick
- Shelton Hemphill
- Rick Henderson
- Al Hibbler
- Johnny Hodges
- Major Holley
- Charlie Irvis
- Quentin Jackson
- Hilton Jefferson
- Herb Jeffries
- Freddie Jenkins
- Money Johnson
- Herbie Jones
- Wallace Jones
- Taft Jordan
- Al Killian
- Queen Esther Marrow
- Wendell Marshall
- Murray McEachern
- Louis Metcalf
- James "Bubber" Miley
- Harold "Geezil" Minerve
- Ray Nance
- Tricky Sam Nanton
- Oscar Pettiford
- Eddie Preston
- Russell Procope
- Junior Raglin
- Betty Roché
- Ernie Royal
- Al Sears
- Joya Sherrill
- Willie Smith
- Elmer Snowden
- Rex Stewart
- Billy Strayhorn
- Billy Taylor
- Clark Terry
- Juan Tizol
- Norris Turney
- Ben Webster
- Arthur Whetsel
- Cootie Williams
- Nelson Williams
- Skippy Williams
- Booty Wood
- Jimmy Woode
- Britt Woodman
- Sam Woodyard